{"product_id":"pushes-and-pulls-forces-fair-tests-design-kindergarten","title":"Pushes and Pulls | Forces, Fair Tests \u0026 a Design Challenge | Kindergarten","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePushes and Pulls\u003c\/strong\u003e is a science unit on forces and motion for Kindergarten: a 33-page classroom material set and a 14-page teacher guide. In ten lessons, students investigate what happens when they push or pull an object. The core idea is simple and easy for young students to grasp. A push or a pull can start something moving, stop it or change its direction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first four lessons cover exactly those cases. Students sort actions into push or pull. Then they start objects moving, stop them and change their direction. From Lesson 5 the focus shifts to strength. Students compare a gentle push with a stronger one and compare pulls with each other. With a ramp and different surfaces they run fair tests, changing only one thing while everything else stays the same. That is an early lesson in setting up a fair comparison. The last two lessons are a small engineering task. Students design a way to make a rolling object change direction. Then they improve their design based on what they saw. An opening page introduces the learning routine, and a learning record at the end shows what each student has done.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat's Included\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClassroom Material: 33 pages (PDF)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTeacher Guide: 14 pages (PDF)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e47 pages in total\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEditable DOCX text version (pagination may differ)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEditable PowerPoint presentation (PPTX, editable text)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrint-ready A4 PDF that prints on US Letter with fit-to-page\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eThe 10 Lessons\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePush or pull.\u003c\/strong\u003e Sort actions as a push or a pull.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStart moving.\u003c\/strong\u003e Use a push or pull to start an object moving.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStop moving.\u003c\/strong\u003e Use a push or pull to stop it.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChange direction.\u003c\/strong\u003e Make a moving object go a new way.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGentle and stronger.\u003c\/strong\u003e Compare the effect of a gentle and a stronger push.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePull comparison.\u003c\/strong\u003e Compare pulls of different strength.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRamp release.\u003c\/strong\u003e Run a fair test with a ramp.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSurface test.\u003c\/strong\u003e Compare how objects move on different surfaces.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDesign a turn.\u003c\/strong\u003e Plan a way to change a rolling object's direction.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImprove the solution.\u003c\/strong\u003e Test and improve the design.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStudents Will Learn To\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTell whether an action is a push or a pull\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse pushes and pulls to start, stop and turn objects\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCompare the effects of gentle and stronger pushes and pulls\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRun a simple fair test by changing only one thing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesign, test and improve a way to change an object's direction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePerfect For\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKindergarten physical science units\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScience stations with simple objects and ramps\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSTEM time with a first design challenge\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePre-K and Grade 1 classrooms looking for simple forces lessons\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHomeschool science with household objects\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUK and Australia: roughly maps to Reception and Year 1 in England and Foundation in Australia\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhy Teachers Choose This Unit\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe teacher guide describes the NGSS boundaries, including what Kindergarten students are not expected to do.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNotes on assessment are included with the NGSS section.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEach lesson has its own answers and teaching decisions page.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe guide sets out the teaching concept and planning for the unit.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn observation and responsive support section helps you guide students during tests.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCreated with AI assistance. Texts and illustrations were generated with AI support and edited for classroom use; sources and production notes are at the end of the teacher guide.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat grade and standards does this fit?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt is written for Kindergarten. The unit sits closest to NGSS K-PS2-1 (compare the effects of different strengths or directions of pushes and pulls) and K-PS2-2 (analyze data to see if a design solution changes the speed or direction of an object), with the design lessons touching K-2-ETS1. The guide explains the boundaries of these expectations. No alignment or endorsement is claimed.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat materials do I need?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEveryday objects to push, pull and roll, something to build a ramp and a few different surfaces for the surface test. Check each lesson in the teacher guide before setup.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDo Kindergarten students really run fair tests?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes, in a simple form. In the ramp and surface lessons they change one thing and keep the rest the same. The guide notes where the NGSS boundaries lie, so you don't push beyond what the grade expects.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow do I know what students learned?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe teacher guide includes notes on assessment, answers for each lesson and an observation section. Students also fill in a learning record at the end.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application\/ld+json\"\u003e{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What grade and standards does this fit?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is written for Kindergarten. 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